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Researching in British India - where to start?

Bill Barlow
Expiry Date

With the records of the East India Company, the India Office and the British Government now accessible without having to visit the British Library, the GSV has established the British India Discussion Circle. Its first meeting - for GSV members only  - is to be held on Tuesday 17 April at 12 noon - 1.00 pm. The circle will be convened by Mary Anne Gourley, GSV Member and the representative in Australia of Families in British India Society (FIBIS). In this article Mary Anne introduces this area of family history with a brief outline of her own research.

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With some 3 million people of British origin having lived and worked in India between 1600 and 1947, many of us may find ancestors having connections to that country.

How do we trace family who worked within the military, merchant navy, administration, commerce and trade in India? Can we unravel family stories of heroic soldiers fighting during the mutiny, of runaways, orphans and of course the inevitable and impossible to prove Indian princess! Where do we go to research these ancestors and what records will we find? 

How and where do we start?

For me, my research began twenty years ago with information recorded on the 1853 Victorian birth certificate of my great grandfather; his parents had been married in Calcutta and his mother had been born in India.

By good fortune I was able to consult the Ecclesiastical indexes for Calcutta available on film from Familysearch. With information for that marriage in Calcutta, I was advised to order a copy of the document from the British Library in London, the repository for all East India Company and India Office records.

Dudley Gourley on an elephant c. 1927. Courtesy of Colin Gourley.

 

This information has lead me on a forever expanding journey. I am amazed at the number of family members I have found in India; from cadets, soldiers and officers in the East India Company and British Army, merchants, planters, journalist, administrators. Many of them marrying and having families. Their stories reveal determination and hardship, tragedy and loss. Not all who survived remained in India. Many returned to the UK, a few came to Australia some travelled farther afield to Canada and South Africa.

Interest in research in India brought about the founding of the Families in British India Society (FIBIS) twenty years ago in the UK. Technology has changed the way we research. Today it is possible to do our research using not only the resources held by the British Library in London, but those of other libraries and archives in the UK and worldwide with online databases.

Mary Anne Gourley

You can read more about this Circle on the GSV website.

 

 

Writing a Morkham history: a member's challenge

Bill Barlow
Expiry Date

I was interested to read an email from John Morkham, sent in response to the first 'Keyboard of the President' article. John has been a GSV Member for twenty-eight years. Life is busy for most of us, and our genealogical research proceeds in bursts, when it can be fitted in. In John's case, the family history compilation has been going on over a number of generations and that work has passed down to him. With so much accumulated research, he now plans to retire from his 'retirement' positions, so he can commence writing the history. Many of us can identify with John's objective, as he described it in his email.

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'May I, at the outset, wish you, the Board, Staff and the Members, a very happy Easter. I joined GSV in July 1989. How pleased was I today to receive your 'Keyboard' number 1 report concerning activities and observations for the GSV's future. This prompted me to reflect on my family history research and my present situation.  

Morkham family tree, painted by Thomas Frank Morkham, 1902. Courtesy of John Morkham.

 

My great grandfather, Thomas Frank Morkham, following his retirement as Secretary of Lands (Victoria) travelled to the UK and Ireland in 1902. His father, who brought most of his family to Geelong, told him of the then known history of the Morkham family, which had been based in Dunster, Somerset. This drew him to start family research from the Dunster records. As a result of that trip he wrote notes from those records and then painted a Family Tree, which shows at its base his own great grandfather. His notes also include a reference to the death of his great, great grandfather’s wife Katherine, wife of John.

Since 1902, recordkeeping has evolved immensely, with digital recording of hard copies and the collating of them into family records. It is most unfortunate that Catholic Ireland failed to undertake Parish recordkeeping before 1837. Odd records were maintained by UK legislation and Victorian church systems. My great grandfather, who was born in Denmark, possessed an older family history, which was burnt in 1870. Such a shame; but fortunately the Diocese had many relevant records. From 1973 up to today, I have researched our whole family history with the help of branches of over three times-removed supporters as well as my father, mother, aunts and uncles and others not related to me but carrying the now false name of Morkham.

I have retired from employed positions, but I am presently the treasurer of three organisations, as well as being committed to the Catholic Church weekly and with visits to Prison and a Hospital. I have started to inform those organisations that I wish to retire during 2019 so that I can undertake the writing and recording of our family history back to a date of about 1490. In 2019, I plan to start the recording of my family history in the hope that I can accomplish this in my remaining years.

With my other 'retirement' commitments, I find it very hard to attend functions of importance arranged by GSV. Despite this, I support GSV, its relationship with RHSV and the Australian Congress on Genealogy & Heraldry. I am also a member of the Somerset Archives and the Australian Heraldry Society. I hope to be able to use the GSV resources more fully as I undertake this next stage of my family's history. Best wishes to you and the Board.'

John Morkham, 4 April 2018.                                                                                          [This is an edited version of John's email, reproduced with his approval, Ed.].

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Presenting years of research in a readable way can be daunting. GSV can assist its members to get started and can provide ongoing support from other writers in its Writers Discussion Circle. Articles in Ancestor's 'Getting it Write' series address all aspects of writing family history - for example, 'Getting Started' (vol. 28 no.1) and 'The Writer at Work' (vol.30 no.7). See the list here https://gsv.org.au/images/stories/pdf/GSVWritersarticles-2017.pdf. Our best wishes to John and thanks for his membership support.

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The 'GSV at the RHSV' Library Collection

Bill Barlow
Expiry Date

As the GSV is building stronger links with RHSV, now is a good time for you to track down the GSV Library Collection at RHSV. 

When the GSV moved in April last year to its smaller centre, its library collection was split between two locations - the GSV Research and Education Centre at 85 Queen St and the Royal Historical Society of Victoria (RHSV). An agreement between the two societies provides access to the combined collection for GSV members. The majority of the GSV's book collection is now integrated with the library at the RHSV in their premises at the corner of William and A’Beckett Streets. [Correction: In the original publication of our previous post the location of the RHSV should have been given as on the corner of A'Beckett and William Sts.]

RHSV from A'Beckett St.

 

How to access the collections at the RHSV

GSV continues to list in its catalogue all the books that were in the GSV Library prior to the move. Those that are now at the RHSV have a prefix RHSV in the catalogue and those at the GSV will have GSV as a prefix.

Note that some items may be unavailable if they are being scanned and indexed. This should be mentioned in the catalogue, but unfortunately not all have been noted.

Here are the easy steps to find the books or periodicals you are looking for:

  1. Check the GSV catalogue.
  2. If the Call /Shelf number has a GSV prefix just come into 85 Queen Street and find the item on the shelf as before.
  3. To access items at the RHSV, please provide as much notice as possible (preferably at least one day’s notice) to collections@historyvictoria.org.au , noting the title and call/ shelf number and the RHSV will confirm by return email that the item is ready for you. Please include your GSV membership no. with your email request.

    Item requests can only be taken by email.
  4. Present your GSV Membership card on arrival (otherwise the RHSV Day Visit fee would apply).

RHSV Existing Collections

You can search at:http://www.historyvictoria.org.au/collections for information on their holdings.

How to get to the RHSV:

Royal Historical Society of Victoria is at 239 A’Beckett Street, Melbourne. The entrance to the RHSV is in A'Beckett St.

Opening Hours: Library 10am – 4pm Mon-Fri. Phone number 9326 9288

Take Tram 55 up William Street, and get off at the LaTrobe Street stop. There are also frequent buses up Queen St from GSV to A'Beckett St, but it is only a 10-15 minute walk from the GSV.

OR

Take a train to Flagstaff Station, and walk one short block up William St to A'Beckett St. 

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The Keyboard of the President

Bill Barlow
Expiry Date

From the Keyboard of the President - no 1 - April 2018

Welcome!

In this post I want to tell you about some of the recent activities of the GSV and to share some of my observations of where we are going.

Our program of DNA-related events for 2018 is underway with a talk scheduled for April 17 (see our website for details), another one planned and more to follow later in the year. This is obviously a 'hot' topic with all the TV advertising and promotion of kits. But the question often remains - what does it all mean? Without guidance and complementary research it can be unsatisfying. This is where GSV can assist.

The rationalisation of our resources continues after our big move last year. We have now cleared out the mezzanine floor due to the great progress made by our volunteers in scanning and indexing the folders of family history notes stored there.

I, and a number of other GSV members, attended the 15th Australasian Congress on Genealogy & Heraldry in Sydney in early March. I will report more about this very successful event in the next Ancestor.

Our London Research talk by Vicki Montgomery on 22 March was a great success with overflow attendances. On the strength of this we are launching a new monthly Discussion Circle for our members on that topic. The first meeting will be on Thursday 26 April commencing at 10.30 am. We are anticipating that this Circle will be very popular so please book either online or by ringing the office.

I have been a member of RHSV for some years and as GSV President I continue to seek closer ties with that organisation. They are now the custodians of the bulk of the GSV library. Located on the corner of William and A'Beckett Street opposite the Flagstaff gardens, they are readily accessed. Parking is easier on the edge of the city; they are just along from the north exit of Flagstaff Station and two tram-lines pass nearby. Our GSV catalogue identifies whether items are located at the RHSV or at our GSV Research and Education Centre in Queen St.

This month I attended a workshop at RHSV by Rosalie Triolo, Lecturer in the Education faculty of Monash University, entitled ‘Writing and Publishing Local History’. Quite a number of the participants were writing about particular ancestors or the history of their families in general. Rosalie emphasised the value of broadening our perspectives and integrating local and wider historical context when writing our family stories. I am discussing with Rosalie the possibility that we might host her workshop later in the year.

We seem to have settled into our smaller office footprint but the work to get our house in order continues. Although downsized, we are expanding our Discussion Circles and our digital media services via our website, Facebook and this blog, Family History Matters. A new web-based service for members is soon to be trialled.

I hope to regularly keep you informed via this post - but perhaps e-pistle is the appropriate word for this communication.

Happy researching!

David Down, President GSV.

The DNA of Cornwall: talk at SWERD

Bill Barlow
Expiry Date

South West England Research & Discussion (SWERD) is one of a number of Discussion Circles that the GSV hosts for its members. These are part of the annual membership and there is no limit to the number you can participate in, beyond your own time. Doing your own research can be exhilarating but having the chance to share your problems, and findings, with others is even more fun.

This report of the recent SWERD meeting - Wednesday 14 March 2018 - from Stephen Hawke gives a good idea of the value of this circle on South West England. [Bill]

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Meeting Notes

  1. Introductions

    We had a very full house, with 45 attendees at the meeting (including four new SWERD members and some visitors from the DNA discussion circle).
  2. Presentation – Dr Joe Flood - DNA and Genealogy: The DNA of Cornwall

    Dr Joe Flood is both the Administrator of the Cornwall DNA projects on the FamilyTreeDNA website and also runs a One Name Study on the Coad and Coode surnames. DNA research has been particularly useful in resolving brickwalls and establishing global connections for the Coad and Coode family researchers. Joe’s presentation included interesting anecdotes on the family myths, surprises and new social connections found through combining the One Name Study and DNA research.

Joe’s presentation covered three broad topics (all with fascinating case studies, charts and research findings):



Firstly, we covered the use of autosomal DNA research – this included commentary on the relative costs and ‘usefulness’ of the offerings from the various DNA test providers. This aspect of research is particularly useful for confirming family connections and uncovering ‘new’ cousins.



Next we turned to Y DNA research – the research that follows the male-line. Again, this has proved very useful for resolving brickwalls and Joe provided examples of successes in extending and joining the various Coad/Coode family trees.



The research pages Joe administers on the FTDNA website currently have 600 members on the Cornwall project (autosomal DNA research) and 120 members on the Cornwall Advanced Y DNA project. Joe advised that there is also a project page for those with Devon origins. These projects are free to join (after you’ve done your DNA test), the data and discussion sections are a great learning tool and they provide the opportunity for feedback and help from very experienced researchers. I’m a fan – I joined both projects with my DNA test results a few months ago and straight up connected to some ‘new’ third cousins here in Melbourne who’ve provided fantastic photos (late 19th and early 20th century) and new aspects to our shared family history.



The final section of Joe’s presentation turned to some of the deep ancestry material, including the DNA connections of some members of the Cornwall DNA projects to the Beaker people who settled in Britain and Cornwall several thousand years ago. This aspect of the research has also found some pockets of ‘very rare DNA’ amongst some members of the Cornish Advanced Y DNA project. Joe is keen for more of us with Cornish heritage to join the FTDNA projects to help expand his and your research and findings.

I’m afraid my notes are not doing Joe’s really interesting presentation justice. Fortunately, Joe has made a copy of the presentation available to SWERD members and it has plenty of detail in the slides to show the depth and detail you can take up in using DNA research.



I’m also aware that this is a complex area and to help you through that complexity GSV is rolling out a number of new education sessions on different aspects of DNA research. There are some details in the current issue of Ancestor and keep an eye on the GSV website for updates. These will be popular, so make sure you register ASAP for these to secure a place. The first session is on 17 April – you can book for this through the ‘All Events’ section on the frontpage of the GSV website.

At the meeting we passed around the very large book Joe has written – Unravelling the Code: The Coads and Coodes of Cornwall and Devon – and descriptions of the book and on-line purchases are available through www.lulu.com/spotlight/coad



Joe has uploaded his presentation to his webpage (address as below) and from a quick look he has other papers of interest to DNA researchers on his page as well: https://rmit.academia.edu/JoeFlood/Other



I also want to acknowledge Joe’s dedication and generosity in providing his presentation at GSV. He is still recuperating and went above and beyond the call of duty in providing us with his very informative presentation. Thanks also to one of our members who saw to Joe’s safe homeward journey. 

  1. Next meeting

    The next meeting will be held on Friday 13 April 2018, 12:30 to 2:00pm. The discussion topic will be 'Our poor ancestors', with a focus on Poor Laws and workhouses in the southwest.  Many of us had ancestors who were subject to the Poor Laws or who spent time in workhouses and we’ll look at the materials available to research their lives.  Start thinking on what you know of your poor ancestors in the southwest and how you've researched them, and come along to join in a fascinating discussion in April. If you are not a GSV member, join up and join in!



    Stephen Hawke, SWERD Convenor

Report from Congress: Bridging the Past and Future, March 9-12

Bill Barlow
Expiry Date

Recently the Society of Australian Genealogists (SAG) hosted Bridging The Past and Future - the 15th Australasian Congress on Genealogy and Heraldry, March 9 - 12 in Sydney. This major international event was held under the auspices of AFFHO, the Australasian Federation of Family History Organisations. Gayle Nicholas, one of a number of GSV Members who attended, brings us her observations from the Congress. Gayle is a member of the GSV Writers Circle, as well as her local Waverley Historical Society. She blogs at GV Genealogy - a space that reflects her love of history, genealogy and writing. This article is republished with her permission from her blog. You can read more of Gayle's family history exploration here https://gvgenealogy.wordpress.com/about/

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I have just returned from Sydney where hard work by the Society for Australian Genealogists (SAG) and 600 participants contributed to making Bridging the Past & Future a congress to remember. As a new participant I was soon under Jill Ball‘s wing along with 300 other ‘first timers’. Bloggers couldn’t hide in the corner as Jill’s ‘blogging beads’ were a beacon to bloggers seeking a conversation. There was lots of chatting and new friendships as people mixed and mingled with ease.

All these participants at #Congress2018 have blogs for you to read!  Photograph by Murray Nicholas.

 

 

 

There were many high quality presentations with Judy G. Russell‘s Plenary Session Just Three Generations standing out as one of the very best for me. If ever a genealogist needed justification for their work this presentation provided it! Judy stated the need to deliberately and accurately pass down our family stories.  She urged participants to look for the truth in family stories, to verify them and pass them on.  I have memories of my grandfather telling stories to a lounge room full of people in Brunswick East.  I now have the Amiens Cathedral made of cards that hung above the fireplace and I can remember Grandad standing there.  I can remember the laughter but I do not remember the stories. I was so very young. No-one has been able to answer my question, ‘What were Grandad’s stories?’  All I know is they were about what the soldiers got up to in France when they were not at the front or about his time as a Scout Master.  Three generations and the stories are lost.

Angela Phippen’s Oops – I wish I’d checked the original! brought home loud and clear the importance of checking references thoroughly.  Using The Letters of Rachel Henning Angela demonstrated the difference that can occur through a published work and an original work.   The results were stunning and we will all be seeking original copies of documents from now on!

Jan Worthington told us to avoid the ‘black holes’ in her Your Story session. I was thinking, “How does she know I am obsessed with ‘just one more bit of research’ i.e. in a black hole?”  The key is to start writing. It’s time to stop Hunting Henrietta; it is time to ‘walk in her footsteps’ and write her story!

Our heads spun as we soaked up research know how and How-to tips, trying hard not to miss even a little piece of wisdom.  English and Irish research sessions were popular and, while people seemed to shake their heads at the complexity of DNA research, you could see no-one was going to give up. We travelled from seventeenth century to the modern day and still had the enthusiasm to learn new techniques and take on new ideas.

The Cockle Bay room was almost full for the last session Create a free Google Earth Map Collection for Your Genealogy Research with Lisa Louise Cooke. While many wondered where the time was coming from it was evident others were ready for this new mapping challenge. People dispersed quickly after the closing ceremony: some for a drink, many for a rest and others, like us, headed straight to the airport. Many times I heard the same farewell, 'See you at the next Congress!'

Cousins! ‘Not too distant for me’

 

And yes, I did have a cousin at the conference!

Gayle Nicholas

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New records added to GSV Cemeteries Database

Bill Barlow
Expiry Date

In this opening article for 2018, Meg Bate, GSV's Assistant Library Manager, gives an update on the recent additions to the unique GSV Cemeteries Database.

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GSV Cemeteries database

This index contains nearly a million references from cemetery records mostly relating to Victoria. It includes memorial inscriptions or burial registers from our collection. The Society has been transcribing cemetery records since the 1950s and although there are now online websites for cemeteries (with many including photographs), some of those early headstones have disappeared or become illegible or even been destroyed by vandals. Members may use our free Quick Look-up to obtain further details in many cases. A fee for a Quick look-up is charged for non-members. 

Added to GSV Cemeteries database:

Branxholme cemetery register & headstones 1852-1982

Bannockburn cemetery register and headstones 1860-1985

Natimuk cemetery headstones 25/9/1874-1986, registers 26/1/1888-8/4/1986

Mt Koroite Coleraine, Vic: private burial ground of the Young family

North Portland cemetery register 1867-1934

Port Fairy (Belfast) cemetery 3 Mar 1904 - 27 Feb 1970

Rheola (Berlin) cemetery register 1/9/1873 to 2/3/1982

Leopold cemetery register 1860-1981

Woolsthorpe cemetery headstones 12.7.1873 - 4.10.1981

Outtrim cemetery register and headstones 3.1897 - 15.4.1946.

Survey of the Hopetoun cemetery carried out in the year 1984 for the Hopetoun Historical Society: headstones 28 Feb 1890 to Aug 1984

Meringur cemetery register and headstones 1930 to 1982

Yackandandah cemetery headstones 1858-1980

Wychitella cemetery transcript 1866-1967

Fawkner cemetery (Vic) monumental inscriptions: Presbyterian sections A-F  Fawkner cemetery (Vic) monumental inscriptions: Church of England sections A-H

Added to GSV Genealogical Index of names

Transportation of female convicts to Sydney aboard the Kains in 1830-1831

The early families of Whroo

Eaglehawk early settlers, Milligan & extended families

Two squatters: the lives of George Playne and Daniel Jennings

Victoria Mercantile Marine Office articles of agreement index 1887-1889

Genealogical Index of Names (GIN), containing about 4 million references to people mentioned in our library and elsewhere, is available for members only. GIN comprises the LINX databases held in our library, some with images. However, not all entries are included in GIN for copyright or commercial reasons. Data is added regularly. Members may use our free Quick look-up to obtain further details in many cases. A fee for a Quick look-up is charged for non-members. 

South West England has grown!

Bill Barlow
Expiry Date

South West England has grown!  Our GSV Members asked: we've delivered. Stephen Hawke, GSV Convenor, SWERD, shows why you need to join this group if this is your area of family interest. ***

GSV's South West England Research & Discussion circle (SWERD) has now been expanded to include Dorset.  If you are researching your ancestry and family history in Dorset, come along and join your friends researching in Cornwall, Devon and Somerset at our monthly SWERD circle meetings. 

To mark the expansion, our new banner highlights the elongated triangle of these wonderful counties in south west England.

Over the last two years we've had presentations and discussions on an incredible array of topics, all focused on assisting members with their research in the south west.  We've looked at education, diseases and epidemics, non-conformists, the Cornish language, our ancestors' occupations, wills, parish chest records, members' research case studies - the list goes on.  Come along and see what 2018 brings.  Check the GSV website or Ancestor for meeting dates and times.

Membership of discussion circles is free for GSV members. As added bonuses, SWERD members receive copies of the presentations and monthly meeting notes (we keep you in the loop even if you can't make it to meetings) and we maintain a list of SWERD members' research interests (family names and parishes) so we can share and help each other with our research.  

You can find out more about this group at GSV website https://www.gsv.org.au/special-interest-groups/south-west-england-research-discussion-circle

 

Hunting for a cemetery on FindaGrave.com

Bill Barlow
Expiry Date

This is Part 2 of our post on Dec 16 about the revised FindaGrave.com website. Here Ted Bainbridge tells us about finding a cemetery.

Don't forget that the Genealogical Society Victoria holds a very large collection of headstone transcriptions from almost 800 Victorian cemeteries compiled by our volunteers over many years . With the gradual degradation of some headstones these records may now be the sole source of that information. These records are being scanned and can be checked in the GSV's online Cemeteries Database. https://www.gsv.org.au

I hope you have enjoyed our re-launched Blog this year and please add your comments and re-post to your friends. *  Bill Barlow. Editor, Family History Matters at GSV.

Hunting A Cemetery

by Ted Bainbridge.

The next most common use of findagrave is hunting cemeteries. There are three ways to find a cemetery: https://www.findagrave.com/

  • On the main menu click “cemeteries” and type a name in the box provided. (This is an auto-fill box. Use it as above.) Click “search”. A hit list appears. Click the name of the cemetery you want. That cemetery’s page of information appears.
  • On the main menu click “cemeteries” and type a place in the other box. (This also is auto-fill.) Click “search”. A hit list appears. Click the name of the cemetery you want. That cemetery’s page appears.
  • On the main menu click “cemeteries” and type a place in the appropriate box. (This is an auto-fill box. Use it as above.) Don’t click “search” or press the “return/enter” button. Instead, look at the map. If the map doesn’t show any location markers, click the ‘+’ button near its lower right corner. Zoom in or out and pan in any direction until you see the area you want. Click any marker to see the name of that cemetery, then click the name to see its information page.

Favourite Cemeteries

If you registered as a member, you can create a list of your favorite cemeteries. Go to the information page of the cemetery you want to put on your list. Near the top right corner of that page, click “add favorite” and proceed.

You can create virtual cemeteries by linking interesting individuals to a collection that you create. (For examples, you might link all of your Blankenship relatives’ information pages to a group called “My-Blankenships”, or you could gather all your relatives who served in the Civil War.) Go to the page of a person you want to add to a virtual cemetery. Near the top right corner of that page, click “save to”, click “virtual cemetery”, and then proceed. At this location you can create a new v.c. or add this person to an existing v.c.

Other Features

The main menu at the top of findagrave’s home page includes an item called “famous”, which allows a search for a famous person, as was described above. That menu also has an item called “contribute”, which people use to add information to findagrave’s database.

Between the home page’s background photograph and the button for tutorials is a large white space that offers links for these items:

  • read about a random person
  • famous graves
  • newly added graves
  • most popular graves
  • add a memorial
  • upload photos
  • transcribe photos
  • forums
  • search cemeteries
  • browse cemeteries
  • search grave records
  • browse grave records
  • famous people
  • log in
  • memorials
  • cemeteries
  • contribute
  • famous
  • help
  • about
  • forums
  • store
  • facebook
  • twitter
  • language
  • mobile apps
  • privacy statement
  • terms of service
  • end feedback.

Most people probably can ignore most or all of those items, but feel free to explore and experiment as you like.

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Happy Christmas from the GSV - the story of our Christmas decoration

Bill Barlow
Expiry Date

The Genealogical Society of Victoria helps people to trace their forebears. In doing so, people can find out who their ancestors were, details of their lives and why they decided to come to Australia. By learning more about our ancestors, we learn more about ourselves.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

THE CHRISTMAS DECORATION

- The decoration is typical of an English Christmas door wreath. Through a metaphorical door one can glimpse into the past.

- The tartan ribbon represents Scotland.

- The shamrock represents Ireland.

Immigrants (especially convicts) from these three countries made up most of Australia’s earliest arrivals.

- The Family Bible and lace represent the small treasures immigrants brought with them to Australia.

- The scroll is of an old British Census Record and instantly recognisable to genealogists.

- The gum leaves and nuts represent the new country, Australia.

- The gold nuggets represent the Victorian Gold Rush of the 1850s.

 

Created by R Thompson, GSV Member, 2017